176.210 Defoaming agents used in the manufacture of paper and paperboard.

Home > Regulations > Indirect food additives: Paper and paperboard components > 176.210 Defoaming agents used in the manufacture of paper and paperboard.


[Code of Federal Regulations]
[Title 21, Volume 3]
[Revised as of April 1, 2006]
From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access
[CITE: 21CFR176.210]

[Page 229-231]
 
                        TITLE 21--FOOD AND DRUGS
 
CHAPTER I--FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN 
                          SERVICES (CONTINUED)
 
PART 176_INDIRECT FOOD ADDITIVES: PAPER AND PAPERBOARD COMPONENTS--Table 
of Contents
 
 Subpart B_Substances for Use Only as Components of Paper and Paperboard
 
Sec.  176.210  Defoaming agents used in the manufacture of paper and 
paperboard.

    Defoaming agents may be safely used in the manufacture of paper and 
paperboard intended for use in packaging, transporting, or holding food 
in accordance with the following prescribed conditions:
    (a) The defoaming agents are prepared from one or more of the 
substances named in paragraph (d) of this section, subject to any 
prescribed limitations.
    (b) The defoaming agents are used to prevent or control the 
formation of foam during the manufacture of paper and paperboard prior 
to and during the sheet-forming process.
    (c) The quantity of defoaming agent or agents added during the 
manufacturing process shall not exceed the amount necessary to 
accomplish the intended technical effect.
    (d) Substances permitted to be used in the formulation of defoaming 
agents include substances subject to prior sanctions or approval for 
such use and employed subject to the conditions of such sanctions or 
approvals, substances generally recognized as safe for use in food, 
substances generally recognized as safe for use in paper and paperboard, 
and substances listed in this paragraph, subject to the limitations, if 
any, prescribed.
    (1) Fatty triglycerides, and the fatty acids, alcohols, and dimers 
derived therefrom:

Beef tallow.
Castor oil.
Coconut oil.

[[Page 230]]

Corn oil.
Cottonseed oil.
Fish oil.
Lard oil.
Linseed oil.
Mustardseed oil.
Palm oil.
Peanut oil.
Rapeseed oil.
Ricebran oil.
Soybean oil.
Sperm oil.
Tall oil.

    (2) Fatty triglycerides, and marine oils, and the fatty acids and 
alcohols derived therefrom (paragraph (d)(1) of this section) reacted 
with one or more of the following, with or without dehydration, to form 
chemicals of the category indicated in parentheses:

Aluminum hydroxide (soaps).
Ammonia (amides).
Butanol (esters).
Butoxy-polyoxypropylene, molecular weight 1,000-2,500 (esters).
Butylene glycol (esters).
Calcium hydroxide (soaps).
Diethanolamine (amides).
Diethylene glycol (esters).
Ethylene glycol (esters).
Ethylene oxide (esters and ethers).
Glycerin (mono- and diglycerides).
Hydrogen (hydrogenated compounds).
Hydrogen (amines).
Isobutanol (esters).
Isopropanol (esters).
Magnesium hydroxide (soaps).
Methanol (esters).
Morpholine (soaps).
Oxygen (air-blown oils).
Pentaerythritol (esters).
Polyoxyethylene, molecular weights 200, 300, 400, 600, 700, 1,000, 
1,540, 1,580, 1,760, 4,600 (esters).
Polyoxypropylene, molecular weight 200-2,000 (esters).
Potassium hydroxide (soaps).
Propanol (esters).
Propylene glycol (esters).
Propylene oxide (esters).
Sodium hydroxide (soaps).
Sorbitol (esters).
Sulfuric acid (sulfated and sulfonated compounds).
Triethanolamine (amides and soaps).
Triisopropanolamine (amides and soaps).
Trimethylolethane (esters).
Zinc hydroxide (soaps).

    (3) Miscellaneous:

Alcohols and ketone alcohols mixture (still-bottom product from 
C12-C18 alcohol manufacturing process).
Amyl alcohol.
Butoxy polyethylene polypropylene glycol molecular weight 900-4,200.
Butoxy-polyoxypropylene molecular weight 1,000-2,500.
Butylated hydroxyanisole.
Butylated hydroxytoluene.
Calcium lignin sulfonate.
Capryl alcohol.
p-Chlorometacresol.
Cyclohexanol.
Diacetyltartaric acid ester of tallow mono-glyceride.
1,2-Dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutane (CAS Reg. No. 35691-65-7), for use as a 
preservative at a level not to exceed 0.05 weight-percent of the 
defoaming agent.
Diethanolamine.
Diethylene triamine.
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.
2,6-Dimethyl heptanol-4 (nonyl alcohol).
Dimethylpolysiloxane.
Di-tert-butyl hydroquinone.
Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acids.
Ethanol.
2-Ethylhexanol.
Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid tetra sodium salt.
Formaldehyde.
Heavy oxo-fraction (a still-bottom product of iso-octyl alcohol 
manufacture, of approximate composition: Octyl alcohol 5 percent nonyl 
alcohol 10 percent, decyl and higher alcohols 35 percent, esters 45 
percent, and soaps 5 percent).
2-Heptadecenyl-4-methyl-4-hydroxymethyl-2-oxazoline.
Hexylene glycol (2-methyl-2-4-pentanediol).
12-Hydroxystearic acid.
Isobutanol.
Isopropanol.
Isopropylamine salt of dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid.
Kerosine.
Lanolin.
Methanol.
Methyl 12-hydroxystearate.
Methyl taurine-oleic acid condensate, molecular weight 486.
a,a'-[Methylenebis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbu-tyl)-o-phenylene]]bis[omega-
hydroxypoly (oxyethylene)] having 6-7.5 moles of ethylene oxide per 
hydroxyl group.
Mineral oil.
Mono-, di-, and triisopropanolamine.
Mono- and diisopropanolamine stearate.
Monobutyl ether of ethylene glycol.
Monoethanolamine.
Morpholine.
Myristyl alcohol.
Naphtha.
[beta]-Naphthol.
Nonylphenol.
Odorless light petroleum hydrocarbons.
Oleyl alcohol.
Petrolatum.
o-Phenylphenol.
Pine oil.

[[Page 231]]

Polybutene, hydrogenated; complying with the identity prescribed under 
Sec.  178.3740(b) of this chapter.
Polyethylene.
Polyethylene, oxidized (air-blown).
Polymer derived from N-vinyl pyrrolidone and copolymers derived from the 
mixed alkyl (C12-C15, C16, 
C18, C20, and C22) methacrylate esters, 
butyl methacrylate (CAS Reg. No. 97-88-1), isobutyl methacrylate (CAS 
Reg. No. 97-86-9) and methyl methacrylate (CAS Reg. No. 80-62-6); the 
combined polymer contains no more than 5 weight percent of polymer units 
derived from N-vinyl pyrrolidone and is present at a level not to exceed 
7 parts per million by weight of the finished dry paper and paperboard 
fibers.
Polyoxyethylene (4 mols) decyl phosphate.
Polyoxyethylene (4 mols) di(2-ethyl hex ano ate).
Polyoxyethylene (15 mols) ester of rosin.
Polyoxyethylene (3-15 mols) tridecyl alcohol.
Polyoxypropylene, molecular weight 200-2,000.
Polyoxypropylene-polyoxethylene condensate, minimum molecular weight 
950.
Polyoxypropylene-ethylene oxide condensate of ethylene diamine, 
molecular weight 1,700-3,800.
Polyvinyl pyrrolidone, molecular weight 40,000.
Potassium distearyl phosphate.
Potassium pentachlorophenate.
Potassium trichlorophenate.
Rosins and rosin derivatives identified in Sec.  175.105(c)(5) of this 
chapter.
Silica.
Siloxanes and silicones, dimethyl, meth yl hy drogen, reaction products 
with polyethylene-polypropylene glycol mono allyl ether (CAS Reg. No. 
71965-38-3).
Sodium alkyl (C9-C15) benzene-sulfonate.
Sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate.
Sodium distearyl phosphate.
Sodium lauryl sulfate.
Sodium lignin sulfonate.
Sodium 2-mercaptobenzothiazole.
Sodium naphthalenesulfonic acid (3 mols) condensed with formaldehyde (2 
mols).
Sodium orthophenylphenate.
Sodium pentachlorophenate.
Sodium petroleum sulfonate, molecular weight 440-450.
Sodium trichlorophenate.
Stearyl alcohol.
[alpha]-[p-(1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl) phenyl-, p-nonylphenyl-, or p-
dodecylphenyl]-omega-hydroxypoly(oxyethylene) produced by the 
condensation of 1 mole of p-alkylphenol (alkyl group is 1,1,3,3-
tetramethylbutyl, a propylene trimer isomer, or a propylene tetramer 
isomer) with an average of 1.5-15 moles of ethylene oxide.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol.
Tributoxyethyl phosphate.
Tributyl phosphate.
Tridecyl alcohol.
Triethanolamine.
Triethylene glycol di(2-ethyl hexanoate).
Tri-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate.
Tristearyl phosphate.
Wax, petroleum, Type I and Type II.
Wax, petroleum (oxidized).
Wax (montan).

[42 FR 14554, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 47 FR 17986, Apr. 27, 1982; 
47 FR 46495, Oct. 19, 1982; 47 FR 56845, Dec. 21, 1982; 54 FR 24897, 
June 12, 1989; 57 FR 31313, July 15, 1992; 61 FR 14246, Apr. 1, 1996]
Additives that reference this regulation:
Source: U.S. Code of Federal Regulations - CFR Title 21, Part 176, Section 210
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