[Code of Federal Regulations]
[Title 21, Volume 2]
[Revised as of April 1, 2006]
From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access
[CITE: 21CFR145.180]
[Page 428-432]
TITLE 21--FOOD AND DRUGS
CHAPTER I--FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN
SERVICES (CONTINUED)
PART 145_CANNED FRUITS--Table of Contents
Subpart B_Requirements for Specific Standardized Canned Fruits
Sec. 145.180 Canned pineapple.
(a) Identity--(1) Ingredients. Canned pineapple is the food prepared
from mature, fresh or previously canned, pineapple conforming to the
characteristics of Ananas comosus (L.) Merrill and from which peel and
core have been removed. The food consists of one of the optional styles
of the pineapple ingredient specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this
section and may be packed in one of the optional packing media specified
in paragraph (a)(3) of this section, except water is not a suitable
packing medium for crushed style. Crushed style additionally may be
packed as heavy or solid pack as specified in paragraph (a)(4) of this
section. The food may also contain one, or any combination of two or
more, of the following safe and suitable optional ingredients:
(i) Natural fruit flavors.
(ii) Mint flavor.
(iii) Spices, spice oils.
(iv) Vinegar or organic acids.
(v) Dimethylpolysiloxane in an amount not greater than 10
milligrams/kilogram (10 parts per million) by weight of the finished
food as a defoaming agent.
The food is sealed in a container and, before or after sealing, is so
processed by heat as to prevent spoilage.
(2) Styles of pack. The optional styles of the pineapple ingredients
referred to in paragraph (a)(1) of this section are:
(i) Slices or whole slices or rings--consisting of uniformly cut
circular slices or rings cut across the axis of the peeled, cored
pineapple cylinders.
(ii) Half slices--consisting of uniformly cut, approximately
semicircular halves of slices.
(iii) Quarter slices--consisting of uniformly cut, one-fourth
portions of slices.
(iv) Broken slices--consisting of arc-shaped portions which may not
be uniform in size and/or shape.
(v) Spears or fingers--consisting of long, slender pieces cut
radially and lengthwise of the cored pineapple cylinder, predominantly
65 millimeters (2.5 inches) or longer.
(vi) Tidbits--consisting of reasonably uniform, wedge-shaped sectors
cut from slices or portions thereof, predominantly from 8 millimeters
(0.31 inch) to 13 millimeters (0.51 inch) thick.
(vii) Chunks--consisting of short, thick pieces cut from thick
slices and/or from peeled cored pineapple and predominantly more than 13
millimeters (0.51 inch) in both thickness and width, and less than 38
millimeters (1.5 inches) in length and does not include large cubes.
(viii) Small cubes or dice--consisting of reasonably uniform, cube-
shaped pieces, predominately 14 millimeters (0.55 inch) or less in the
longest edge dimensions.
(ix) Pieces or irregular pieces--consisting of irregular shapes and
sizes not identifiable as a specific style and does not include chunks.
(x) Crushed--consisting of finely cut or finely shredded or grated
or diced pieces of pineapple.
(xi) Large cubes--consisting of reasonably uniform, cube-shaped
pieces, longer than 14 millimeters (0.55 inch) along any edge, but
predominately 25
[[Page 429]]
millimeters (1 inch) or less in the longest edge dimensions.
(3) Packing media. (i) The optional packing media referred to in
paragraph (a)(1) of this section and defined in Sec. 145.3 are:
(a) Water.
(b) Pineapple juice and water.
(c) Pineapple juice.
(d) Clarified pineapple juice.
Such packing media may be used as such, or any one of the optional
sweetening ingredients specified in paragraph (a)(3)(ii) of this section
may be added.
(ii) The optional sweetening ingredients referred to in paragraph
(a)(3)(i) of this section are:
(a) Sugar.
(b) Invert sugar sirup.
(c) Any mixture of optional sweetening ingredients designated in
paragraph (a)(3)(ii)(a) and (b) of this section.
(d) Any of the optional sweetening ingredients designated in
paragraph (a)(3)(ii)(a), (b), and (c) of this section with dextrose, as
long as the weight of the solids of dextrose does not exceed one-third
of the total weight of the solids of the combined sweetening
ingredients.
(e) Any of the optional sweetening ingredients designated in
paragraph (a)(3)(ii)(a), (b), and (c) of this section with corn sirup or
with dried corn sirup or with glucose sirup or with dried glucose sirup,
or with any two or more of these, as long as the weight of the solids of
corn sirup, dried corn sirup, glucose sirup, dried glucose sirup, or the
sum of the weights of the solids of corn sirup, dried corn sirup,
glucose sirup, and dried glucose sirup, in case two or more of these are
used, does not exceed one-fourth of the total weight of the solids of
the combined sweetening ingredients.
(f) Any mixture of the optional ingredients designated in paragraph
(a)(3)(ii)(d) and (e) of this section.
(iii) If the concentration of clarified pineapple juice is such that
the packing medium conforms to the density range for one of the sirups
provided for in paragraph (a)(3)(iv)(b), (c), or (d) of this section,
the concentrated clarified juice is considered to be light sirup, heavy
sirup, or extra heavy sirup, as the case may be.
(iv) When a sweetener is added as a part of any liquid packing
medium as provided for in paragraph (a)(3)(i)(a), (b), and (c) of this
section, the density range of the resulting packing medium, expressed as
percent by weight of sucrose (degrees Brix) as determined by the
procedure in Sec. 145.3(m), shall be designated by the appropriate name
for the respective density ranges, namely:
(a) When the density of the solution is 10 percent or more but less
than 14 percent, the medium shall be designated as ``slightly sweetened
water'' or ``extra light sirup''; ``slightly sweetened pineapple juice
and water''; or ``slightly sweetened pineapple juice'', as the case may
be.
(b) When the density of the solution is 14 percent or more but less
than 18 percent, the medium shall be designated as ``light sirup'';
``lightly sweetened pineapple juice and water''; or ``lightly sweetened
pineapple juice,'' as the case may be.
(c) When the density of the solution is 18 percent or more but less
than 22 percent, the medium shall be designated as ``heavy sirup'';
``heavily sweetened pineapple juice and water''; or ``heavily sweetened
pineapple juice'', as the case may be.
(d) When the density of the solution is 22 percent or more but not
more than 35 percent, the medium shall be designated as ``extra heavy
sirup''; ``extra heavily sweetened pineapple juice and water''; or
``extra heavily sweetened pineapple juice'', as the case may be.
(v) Determine compliance as specified in Sec. 145.3(o).
(4) Types of pack. The optional types of pack for crushed style
referred to in paragraph (a)(1) of this section are as follows:
(i) Heavy pack: Crushed style with or without sweetening ingredients
and containing at least 73 percent drained fruit weight, as determined
by the procedure set forth in Sec. 145.3(n).
(ii) Solid pack: Crushed style with or without sweetening
ingredients and containing at least 78 percent drained fruit weight, as
determined by the procedure set forth in Sec. 145.3(n).
[[Page 430]]
(5) Labeling requirements. (i) The name of the food is
``pineapple''. The name of the food shall also include a declaration of
any flavoring that characterizes the product as specified in Sec.
101.22 of this chapter and a declaration of any spice or seasoning that
characterizes the product; for example, ``Spice added'', or, in lieu of
the word ``Spice'', the common name of the spice; or ``Seasoned with
vinegar'' or, in lieu of the word ``vinegar'', the name of the vinegar
used. When two or more of the optional ingredients specified in
paragraph (a)(1)(i) through (iv) of this section are used, such words
may be combined, as, for example, ``Seasoned with cider vinegar, cloves,
and cinnamon oil''.
(ii) The style of the pineapple ingredient as provided for in
paragraph (a)(2) of this section and the name of the packing medium as
specified in paragraph (a)(3)(i) and (ii) of this section, preceded by
``In'' or ``Packed in'' or the words ``Heavy pack'' or ``Solid pack'' as
specified in paragraph (a)(4) of this section, where applicable, shall
be included as part of the name or in close proximity to the name of the
food. The word ``slices'' may be alternatively designated ``sliced,''
``dice'' as ``diced,'' and ``pieces'' or ``irregular pieces'' as ``mixed
pieces of irregular sizes and shapes.'' Whenever pineapple juice, as
provided for in paragraph (a)(3)(i)(c) of this section, is used, the
declaration may be preceded by an appropriate statement such as
``unsweetened''.
(iii) Label declaration. Each of the ingredients used in the food
shall be declared on the label as required by the applicable sections of
parts 101 and 130 of this chapter.
(b) Quality. (1) The standard of quality for canned pineapple is as
follows:
(i) Core material. In the case of all styles, not more than 7
percent of the drained weight of the contents of the container consists
of core material as determined by the method prescribed in paragraph
(b)(3)(ii) of this section.
(ii) Uniformity of weight and shape--(a) Slices. The drained weight
of the largest unit in the container is not more than 1.4 times the
drained weight of the smallest unit.
(b) Half slices and quarter slices. The drained weight of the
largest unit in a container is not more than 1.75 times the drained
weight of the smallest unit, except for an occasional broken piece due
to splitting or an occasional whole slice not completely cut through.
(c) Broken slices. (1) Not more than 10 percent of the drained
weight of the contents of the container consists of pieces having an arc
of less than 90[deg].
(2) Not more than 5 percent of the drained weight of the contents of
the container:
(i) Consists of pieces that measure in thickness less than 8
millimeters (0.31 inch) or more than 25 millimeters (1 inch); or
(ii) Consists of pieces that measure less than 19 millimeters (0.75
inch) in width as measured from the outer edge to the inner edge.
(3) Not more than 5 percent of the drained weight of the contents of
the container consists of broken slices having an outside diameter
differing by as much as 9.5 millimeters (0.37 inch) from that of those
present in greatest proportion by weight.
(d) Spears. The drained weight of the largest unit in the container
is not more than 1.4 times the drained weight of the smallest unit.
(e) Tidbits. Not more than 15 percent of the drained weight of the
contents of the container consists of units each of which weighs less
than three-fourths as much as the average drained weight of all the
untrimmed units in the container.
(f) Chunks. Not more than 15 percent of the drained weight of the
contents of the container consists of pieces weighing less than 5 grams
(0.18 ounce) each.
(g) Cubes. (1) Not more than 10 percent of the drained weight of the
contents of the container consists of pieces that will pass through a
screen with square openings of 8 millimeters (0.31 inch) in the case of
the small cubes or large cubes.
(2) Not more than 15 percent of the drained weight consists of
pieces weighing more than 3 grams (0.11 ounce) each for small cubes and
18 grams (0.63 ounce) each for large cubes.
(h) Pieces. Not more than 20 percent of the drained weight of the
contents of the container consists of units that
[[Page 431]]
will pass through a screen with square openings of 8 millimeters (0.31
inch).
(iii) Blemishes. Blemishes consist of surface areas and spots that
contrast strongly in color or texture with the normal pineapple tissue
or that may penetrate the flesh. Blemishes are normally removed in
preparation of pineapple for culinary use and include any of the
following, if in excess of 1.6 millimeters (0.06 inch) in the longest
dimension on the exposed surface of the unit: deep fruit eyes, pieces of
shell, brown spots, bruised portions, and other abnormalities.
(a) Slices, half slices, quarter slices, broken slices, spears,
tidbits, chunks, cubes, and pieces. Not more than 12.5 percent by count
of the units in the container may be blemished; but in containers having
not more than 5 units, 1 unit may be blemished; in containers having
more than 5 units, but not more than 10 units, 2 units may be blemished
and in containers having more than 10 units, but not more than 32 units,
4 units may be blemished.
(b) Crushed. Not more than 1.5 percent of the drained weight of the
contents of the container consists of fragments bearing blemishes.
(iv) Excessively trimmed. Slices, half slices, and quarter slices
are considered excessively trimmed if the portion trimmed away exceeds 5
percent of the apparent physical bulk of the perfectly formed unit and
if the trimming destroys the normal circular shape of the outer or inner
edge of the unit. Broken slices, spears, and tidbits are excessively
trimmed if the trimming destroys the normal shape of the unit.
(a) Slices, half slices, and quarter slices. Not more than 7.5
percent by count of the units in the container may be excessively
trimmed, but in containers having not more than 10 units, 1 unit may be
excessively trimmed; and in containers having more than 10 units, but
not more than 27 units, 2 units may be excessively trimmed.
(b) Broken slices and spears. Not more than 15 percent by count of
the total units in the container may be excessively trimmed.
(c) Tidbits. Not more than 15 percent of the drained weight of the
contents of the container consists of excessively trimmed units.
(v) Mashed. A unit that has lost its normal shape because of
ripeness that bears no mark of mechanical injury is not to be considered
mashed.
(a) Slices, half slices, and quarter slices. Not more than one unit
in containers of 25 units or less, and not more than 3 units in
containers of more than 25 units, are mashed.
(b) Broken slices. Not more than 5 percent by count of the units in
the container are mashed.
(c) Spears. Not more than 1 unit in the container is mashed.
(d) Tidbits. Not more than 3 units in containers of less than 150
units, and not more than 2 percent of the units in containers of 150
units or more, are mashed.
(e) Chunks. Not more than 3 units in containers of less than 70
units, and not more than 5 percent of the units in containers of 70
units or more, are mashed.
(vi) Acidity. In the case of all styles, not more than 1.35 grams of
acid, calculated as anhydrous citric acid, is contained in 100
milliliters of the liquid drained from the product 15 days or more after
the pineapple is canned.
(vii) Excessive liquid. The drained weight of crushed pineapple is
not less than 63 percent of the net weight of the contents of the
container.
(2) Sampling and acceptance: Determine compliance as specified in
Sec. 145.3(o).
(3) Methodology: The method to be employed to determine whether
canned pineapple meets the requirements of paragraph (b)(1) (i) through
(vi) of this section are as follows:
(i) Determine the drained weight of the canned pineapple by the
procedure prescribed in Sec. 145.3(n).
(ii) Identify and separate any core material cleanly from each of
the units in the container, and weigh the aggregate of the core
material. Calculate the percent core material to determine compliance
with paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section.
(iii) In the case of slices, half slices, quarter slices, spears,
tidbits, chunks, and pieces, check the weight of the units against the
requirements of paragraph (b)(1)(ii) (a), (b), (d), (e), (f), and (h) of
this section.
[[Page 432]]
(iv) In the case of broken slices, check the dimensions of each unit
against the requirements of paragraph (b)(1)(ii)(c) of this section.
(v) In the case of cubes, and pieces, determine compliance with
paragraph (b)(1)(ii) (g) and (h) of this section by placing the units, a
few at a time, on the mesh of a U.S. Standard No. 8 sieve (8-millimeter
(0.31 inch)) mesh. After shaking gently, remove those units that remain
on the sieve before testing the next portion. Continue portion-wise
until all units are tested, then determine the aggregate weight of those
units that have passed through the sieve.
(vi) Except in the case of crushed pineapple, segregate and count
each unit that is blemished as defined in paragraph (b)(1)(iii) of this
section. In the case of crushed pineapple, segregate each fragment of
crushed pineapple bearing a blemish and determine the aggregate weight
of such fragments to determine compliance with paragraph (b)(1)(iii)(b)
of this section.
(vii) Except in the case of chunks, cubes, pieces, and crushed
pineapple, inspect all the units in the container to determine those
that have been excessively trimmed, as defined in paragraph (b)(1)(iv)
of this section.
(viii) Except in the case of cubes, pieces, and crushed pineapple,
count the total units in the container and the number of mashed units to
determine compliance with paragraph (b)(1)(v) of this section.
(ix) Determine the total acidity of the drained liquid by titration,
using the following method: Measure with a pipette 10 milliliters of the
unfiltered drained liquid into a 250-milliliter Erlenmeyer flask. Add 25
milliliters of distilled or deionized water and 0.3 milliliter of 1-
percent phenolphthalein solution. Titrate with one-tenth normal sodium
hydroxide solution to a faint, permanently pink coloration. Multiply the
number of milliliters of one-tenth normal sodium hydroxide required by
0.064 to calculate the number of grams of anhydrous citric acid per 100
milliliters of drained liquid to determine compliance with paragraph
(b)(3)(vi) of this section.
(4) If the quality of canned pineapple falls below the standard
prescribed in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, the label shall bear the
general statement of substandard quality specified in Sec. 130.14(a) of
this chapter, in the manner and form specified in that section; however,
if the quality of the canned pineapple falls below standard with respect
to only one of the factors of quality specified in paragraph (b)(1)(i)
through (vii) of this section, there may be substituted for the second
line of the general statement of substandard quality (``Good Food--Not
High Grade'') one of the following new lines, placed after the
corresponding designation of paragraph (b)(1) of this section that the
canned pineapple fails to meet:
(i) ``Poorly cored'' or ``Excessive core''.
(ii) ``Mixed sizes'' or ``Irregular small pieces'', as appropriate.
(iii) ``Blemished'' or ``Contains blemished pieces''.
(iv) ``Excessively trimmed''.
(v) ``Mashed units'' or ``Contains mashed units''.
(vi) ``Excessively tart''.
(vii) ``Contains excess liquid''.
(c) Fill of Container. (1) The standard of fill of container for
canned crushed pineapple is a fill of not less than 90 percent of the
total capacity of the container, as determined by the general method for
fill of container prescribed in Sec. 130.12(b) of this chapter.
(2) If canned crushed pineapple falls below the standard of fill of
container prescribed in paragraph (c)(1) of this section, the label
shall bear the general statement of substandard fill specified in Sec.
130.14(b) of this chapter, in the manner and form therein specified.
[42 FR 14414, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 44 FR 40279, July 10, 1979;
45 FR 43391 and 43392, June 27, 1980; 46 FR 57475, Nov. 24, 1981; 48 FR
39916, Sept. 2, 1983; 58 FR 2880, Jan. 6, 1993]
Additives that reference this regulation: |
